Tuberculosis (TB), the disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the most common infectious disease that causes death, responsible for 1.25 million deaths globally in 2023. HIV is the greatest risk factor for TB and HIV-M. tuberculosis co-infection causes worse clinical outcomes for both infections.
Using a nonhuman primate model of both HIV and M. tuberculosis, we and Dr. Ling Lin's lab sought to determine the effect of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) with or without early suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) on subsequent acute M. tuberculosis infection. SIV-infected animals with and without ART displayed more clinical and immunological signs of early M. tuberculosis infection compared to M. tuberculosis only infection.
While early ART prevented disease progression in the lungs and lymph nodes, it did not inhibit dissemination of M. tuberculosis to tissues outside of the lung. Similarly, ART did not restore all T lymphocyte responses in co-infected animals.
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